Scientists Uncover Unique Spiky Dinosaur from 165 Million Years Ago

Researchers have made a remarkable discovery regarding the dinosaur known as Spicomellus, revealing that it possessed metre-long spikes protruding from its neck. This unique feature is believed to have served as a defense mechanism against predators. The findings were published in the journal Nature, highlighting the significance of these fossils in understanding the evolution of armoured dinosaurs.

The Spicomellus, which lived approximately 165 million years ago, is classified as the oldest known ankylosaur, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs distinguished by their heavily armoured bodies and club-shaped tails. The discovery was made by a team of palaeontologists who analysed fossils that expand upon the initial identification of the species, which was based solely on a rib bone acquired in 2019 from a fossil dealer in Boulemane, Morocco.

Significant Findings About Spicomellus

The newfound fossils indicate that the Spicomellus had spikes measuring up to 87 centimetres extending from a bony collar around its neck. This feature is unprecedented in any known vertebrate species, living or extinct. According to Professor Richard Butler from the University of Birmingham, who co-led the research, this discovery challenges previous assumptions about the diversity of ankylosaurs and provides valuable insights into their evolution.

Professor Butler described the fossils as “an incredibly significant discovery,” asserting, “Spicomellus is one of the strangest dinosaurs that we’ve ever discovered. It’s utterly unlike any other found anywhere else in the world.” He expressed optimism that the unique characteristics of this dinosaur would captivate the public’s imagination and shed light on the evolutionary history of ankylosaurs.

New Insights into Dinosaur Evolution

Co-researcher Professor Susannah Maidment from the Natural History Museum in London emphasized that the fossils are reshaping scientists’ understanding of the evolution of armoured dinosaurs. Initially, there were doubts regarding whether Spicomellus even belonged to the ankylosaur family. Now, the evidence confirms its classification and reveals that Africa’s only known ankylosaur is more bizarre than previously thought.

The spiky morphology included not just neck spikes, but also large upward-projecting spikes over the hips and a variety of long, blade-like spikes covering its body. Professor Maidment noted, “We’ve never seen anything like this in any animal before,” highlighting the extraordinary nature of the findings.

While the initial purpose of such armour is likely defensive, it may have also served later functions, such as attracting mates or displaying dominance over rivals. The discovery of Spicomellus enriches the narrative of dinosaur evolution and prompts further inquiry into the ecological dynamics of its time.

This recent research adds to a growing body of knowledge about the diversity of dinosaurs that once roamed the Earth, demonstrating the complex adaptations these creatures developed for survival in their environments. As palaeontologists continue to uncover new fossils, they are likely to unveil further mysteries surrounding these ancient animals, offering a clearer picture of life during the Jurassic period.