War Displaces Millions: Eastern and Western Ukrainians Unite in Lviv

The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has led to significant demographic changes, especially in cities like Lviv, which are now home to a large number of displaced individuals. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion began in February 2022, approximately five million Ukrainians have fled to Lviv, with at least 150,000 choosing to settle there, either temporarily or permanently. This migration has reshaped the city, bringing together people from both eastern and western regions, and fostering a complex integration process amidst the backdrop of war.

Lviv, located about 1,000 kilometers from the front lines, has experienced the impacts of the conflict, including Russian airstrikes and the daily mourning of fallen soldiers. Many displaced individuals, like Oksana Dubyk, have arrived in the city carrying their personal stories of loss and survival. Dubyk fled her hometown of Mariupol, which had been besieged by Russian forces, seeking refuge with her elderly father. Their journey to Lviv involved a harrowing escape, where they were assisted by a stranger amidst the chaos of shelling.

Dubyk recalls her experience: “I had a small backpack of belongings and in it was a little jar of caviar that I ate on that train with a spoon. I realised that I had another chance at life.” This newfound opportunity, however, came with its challenges. Dubyk’s husband, Ihor Dubyk, had volunteered to defend Mariupol but was captured after being severely injured. He was released in December 2022 but returned to combat, ultimately losing his life in October 2023. His burial took place in Lviv’s historic Lychakiv cemetery, marking a poignant connection to the city for Dubyk, who now feels a sense of belonging despite her initial intentions to return home.

The experience of displacement varies among individuals. Hanna Kutepova, who escaped from Lysychansk in April 2022, faced her own set of challenges. Leaving with her mother and two children, she described the initial phase of their journey as “scary and strange,” especially since they arrived in Lviv without any prior knowledge of the city. Kutepova noted the differences in climate, as they arrived in lighter clothing while locals were bundled up. Despite the difficulties, her family adapted quickly, finding a place in a community of displaced individuals living rent-free.

The city’s deputy mayor for humanitarian issues, Iryna Kulynych, reported a significant increase in rental prices, which have doubled due to the influx of people. Schools and hospitals have managed the challenges posed by the increased population, particularly as many women and children have sought refuge abroad. Kulynych highlighted that the war has prompted deeper integration between eastern and western Ukrainians, with many displaced individuals settling in Lviv successfully. “Now it’s often hard to tell who’s a local and who’s a displaced person,” she said, emphasizing the sense of community that has emerged.

Yet, the longing for home remains strong. Many displaced people, including Dubyk and Kutepova, hold onto the hope of returning to their original homes once the conflict subsides. Dubyk is channeling her grief into a new venture, planning to open a small bakery in memory of her husband, fulfilling a dream they shared. “It will have a plaque on the wall,” she said, reflecting on resilience and the determination to create a new life amidst the turmoil.

The ongoing war in Ukraine continues to drive significant demographic changes, reshaping cities like Lviv into places of refuge and resilience. As integration efforts continue, the stories of individuals like Dubyk and Kutepova illustrate the human impact of conflict and the enduring hope for peace.