Recognizing Menstrual Cycle Red Flags for Better Health

Understanding the intricacies of the menstrual cycle can reveal significant insights into women’s health. Dr. Hazel Wallace, a qualified physician and nutritionist, emphasizes the importance of recognizing specific symptoms that may indicate underlying health issues.

Key Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

A typical menstrual cycle lasts around 28 days and consists of two main phases: the follicular phase and the luteal phase. Ovulation generally occurs around day 14, although this can vary from person to person. The cycle begins with day one marking the first day of menstruation.

During the follicular phase, hormone levels of oestrogen and progesterone are low, which allows the body to shed the uterine lining. As the phase progresses, oestrogen rises, promoting strength and motivation. “Research indicates that just before ovulation is an ideal time to engage in intensive workouts,” Dr. Wallace states.

Following ovulation, oestrogen levels drop temporarily before both oestrogen and progesterone increase during the luteal phase. Dr. Wallace notes that this increase in progesterone can lead to symptoms such as water retention and breast tenderness, which may affect exercise performance. “While every woman experiences her cycle differently, understanding its phases can guide physical activities,” she explains.

Identifying Normal and Abnormal Symptoms

Determining what constitutes a ‘normal’ period varies from woman to woman. Dr. Wallace explains that a normal cycle typically spans from 21 to 35 days, with menstruation lasting between three to seven days, and an average of five days being most common.

Certain symptoms, however, should not be ignored. Dr. Wallace identifies several red flags, including excessively painful periods, heavy bleeding, irregular cycles, and significant mood changes. “If symptoms disrupt daily life—impacting work, socializing, or relationships—they are not normal,” she warns.

Conversely, mild symptoms such as slight cramping are generally acceptable. Women may experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), characterized by bloating, breast pain, and irritability. Between three to eight percent of women suffer from a more severe form known as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which can include extreme mood swings and feelings of hopelessness.

Dr. Wallace advises women experiencing these symptoms to monitor them over three cycles and consult a healthcare professional for potential diagnosis and treatment options.

Managing Symptoms and Seeking Treatment

To alleviate PMS symptoms, Dr. Wallace recommends maintaining balanced meals throughout the day to avoid blood sugar fluctuations. Limiting caffeine, alcohol, and salt can help reduce bloating and improve sleep quality. Regular physical activity has also been shown to ease PMS symptoms.

Women often experience acne flare-ups during the premenstrual phase due to hormonal changes that increase sebum production. Dr. Wallace suggests topical treatments such as salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide for managing these symptoms. If conventional methods fail, it is advisable to consult a doctor for alternative treatments.

One in ten women is affected by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition marked by irregular cycles and associated symptoms like excessive hair growth and difficulty conceiving. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests and ultrasound scans, and lifestyle adjustments can significantly aid management.

Endometriosis is another condition to consider, where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. Symptoms include debilitating pelvic pain and heavy periods. Diagnosis often requires keyhole surgery, and while treatment can involve medication or surgical options, the condition may recur.

By understanding their menstrual cycles and recognizing the signs of potential health issues, women can take proactive steps toward improving their wellbeing. Dr. Wallace’s insights highlight the importance of not normalizing disruptive symptoms and seeking appropriate medical guidance.