Study Reveals Mental Health Risks for Regular Marathon Runners

A recent study by researchers at Trinity College Dublin has revealed that running multiple marathons does not universally safeguard against mental health issues. Despite Ireland’s reputation for having one of the highest rates of multi-marathoners globally, the findings indicate that a notable percentage of these athletes experience elevated levels of anxiety and depression.

The study surveyed 576 multi-marathoners from 22 countries, including Ireland, the UK, Italy, and the US. Participants reported an average of 146 marathons completed, with a mean age of 54. Alarmingly, approximately 8 percent of these runners fell into a high-risk category for severe depression and anxiety, exceeding the norms established by the World Health Organisation. While most scores remained below the threshold for a formal diagnosis, the data suggest significant mental health concerns within this demographic.

Insights from the Research

The study’s lead author, Dr. Leo Lundy, emphasized the complexity of mental health among marathon runners. “The study highlights that marathon running is not a guarantee of good mental health,” he stated. While many multi-marathoners are extraordinary athletes, their psychological well-being varies widely.

Dr. Lundy noted that although regular long-distance running can foster resilience in some individuals, it can also increase vulnerability in others. “Recognising both the strengths and the risks is essential if the community is to stay healthy, motivated, and supported,” he added. Furthermore, the researchers compared the participants’ mental health metrics with data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a comprehensive national survey focusing on adults aged 50 and older.

The findings suggest that for some runners, the pursuit of marathon running may become more about coping than enjoyment. “Though the present study does not prove cause and effect, a separate published study from the same programme found that many multi-marathoners scored as introverted and emotionally unstable,” Dr. Lundy explained. This earlier research might help clarify why certain individuals in the current study reported heightened mental health symptoms.

Context and Implications

Ireland’s prominence in the multi-marathon community is significant, with more than 100 Irish runners having completed at least 100 marathons, and 15 runners surpassing 300 marathons. Among these athletes is a 75-year-old woman from North East Runners in Dundalk, who has achieved the remarkable feat of finishing over 1,100 official marathons. Dr. Lundy remarked on the pressure such frequent racing places on recovery, social life, and overall balance.

“For most runners, this routine works well,” he said. “However, for a smaller group, it may tip into stress, overtraining, or even dependence.” Dr. Lundy, who has personally completed over 400 marathons, cautioned that running a marathon every weekend is not equivalent to the excitement of participating in a singular major race.

“The body and mind are under constant strain, and for some runners, the habit becomes more of a coping mechanism than a joy,” he noted. “That is where burnout and anxiety can creep in.”

The implications of this study are critical, particularly for a country like Ireland, known for its vibrant running culture. As the community continues to grow, addressing the mental health needs of marathon runners will become increasingly important to ensure their well-being and sustained participation in the sport.