Syrian Entrepreneurs Thrive in Turkey Despite Challenges

By the end of 2024, approximately 42.7 million people worldwide had been forcibly displaced due to conflict, persecution, and violence, according to the UN Refugee Agency. Among them, many Syrian migrants in Turkey have defied the odds by establishing businesses, showcasing resilience in the face of adversity. Since the onset of the Syrian war in 2011, over 14,000 formal businesses owned or co-owned by Syrian migrants have been registered in Turkey, contributing significantly to local economies.

While the challenges faced by these entrepreneurs are substantial, their stories highlight the transformative power of entrepreneurship. Many forced migrants, unable to secure traditional employment due to language barriers, discrimination, or legal uncertainties, are starting small businesses ranging from restaurants to grocery stores. This initiative not only aids in their personal survival but also plays a vital role in rebuilding their lives and integrating into Turkish society.

Key Factors for Success

A recent study examining 170 Syrian forced migrant entrepreneurs provides insight into what differentiates successful businesses from those that struggle. The findings reveal that the entrepreneurs’ sense of identity within the host country significantly impacts their business performance. Those who feel a strong connection to Turkey are more likely to adapt their services to meet local demands and establish lasting customer relationships.

The research indicates that a sense of belonging enhances both financial and customer performance. Migrants who identify closely with their host country tend to report higher profits and better customer satisfaction compared to their peers. This connection, however, is heavily influenced by local language proficiency. Entrepreneurs confident in communicating in Turkish are more likely to engage effectively with local markets and customers.

Conversely, experiences of discrimination can severely undermine this sense of belonging. Instances of social exclusion—such as being treated unfairly by customers or landlords—can erode the confidence of these entrepreneurs. The study found that such negative experiences hindered business success by reducing their ability to connect with the local community.

The Role of Legal Protections

Legal status is another crucial factor influencing the success of Syrian entrepreneurs in Turkey. Migrants are granted “temporary protection,” which provides varying degrees of access to capital and the ability to operate formal businesses. The timing of this legal status significantly affects their experiences. Those who receive formal protection soon after arrival tend to fare better, encountering fewer discriminatory attitudes and feeling more secure in their new environment.

In contrast, delayed legal status can create a lasting disadvantage. Entrepreneurs waiting longer for recognition often face heightened discrimination, which can damage their sense of belonging even after they finally attain legal protection. This issue highlights a gap in policies aimed at supporting forced migrants, suggesting that timely legal recognition is essential for fostering successful integration.

The implications of this research extend beyond individual entrepreneurs. When Syrian migrants succeed, they contribute to local economies by creating jobs, paying taxes, and introducing innovative ideas. Their success is a collective benefit, enhancing the overall economic fabric of their communities. Conversely, when barriers such as language difficulties and discrimination persist, everyone misses out on the potential contributions these entrepreneurs could make.

Recognising the broader social justice implications is crucial. Forced migrants did not choose to leave their homes, often losing everything in the process. Their determination to establish themselves and contribute to their new communities deserves support and recognition.

To facilitate this integration, the research outlines several actionable recommendations for policymakers and civil society. Timely legal protection is paramount; expediting the legal status process can empower forced migrants to plan their lives and businesses with confidence. Additionally, investing in language programmes can enhance their economic and social engagement.

Public education campaigns are also essential to combat discrimination against forced migrants. Negative stereotypes not only harm individuals but also hinder economic growth. Promoting positive narratives and fostering intergroup contact can help build more inclusive communities.

An example of effective intervention can be seen in the Fast Track initiative in Sweden, which implemented measures focusing on language learning and workplace integration. A report for the Nordic Council of Ministers noted that this initiative led to increased motivation among participants, resulting in the initiation of 83 new businesses by newly arrived entrepreneurs.

As forced migration continues to shape global demographics, countries must move beyond providing temporary aid. They should recognize forced migrant entrepreneurs not merely as challenges but as valuable contributors to economic growth and community development. By addressing barriers and fostering inclusive environments, societies can benefit from the diverse skills and perspectives that forced migrants bring to their new homes.