University of Galway Launches Nationwide Survey to Track Squirrels and Pine Martens

The University of Galway has initiated a nationwide survey aimed at assessing the populations of red squirrels and pine martens across Ireland. This initiative invites the public to participate as Citizen Scientists, contributing to the understanding of these iconic woodland mammals and their distribution over the coming years.

The survey, a collaboration between the University of Galway, Ulster Wildlife, and the Vincent Wildlife Trust, seeks to map the current presence of red and grey squirrels as well as pine martens throughout Ireland. From now until the end of 2026, members of the public can record their sightings of these three species, assisting researchers in building a comprehensive picture of population dynamics and changes.

Citizen Science Efforts Expand Wildlife Tracking

This survey is backed by the National Biodiversity Data Centre in the Republic of Ireland and the Centre for Environmental Data and Recording (CEDaR) in Northern Ireland. Participants can submit their observations through online forms available at www.biodiversityireland.ie and www2.habitas.org.uk/records. The ongoing effort is part of a long-term monitoring program that has seen previous surveys conducted since 1997, yielding critical insights into conservation trends and successes.

Historically, the red squirrel has been Ireland’s only native squirrel species, thriving in forests and wooded areas until the introduction of the grey squirrel in 1911. This invasive species has significantly impacted the native population through disease transmission and competition for resources, leading to the red squirrel’s decline in various regions.

Recent surveys, however, indicate a positive turnaround for the red squirrel. Reports show that in certain areas, grey squirrel numbers have sharply decreased, while red squirrels are exhibiting signs of recovery. Research suggests that this shift may be correlated with the resurgence of another native species, the pine marten, a tree-dwelling carnivore capable of preying on grey squirrels. The red squirrel, having evolved alongside pine martens, has developed adaptations that enhance its ability to evade these predators.

Dr. Colin Lawton from the University of Galway’s School of Natural Sciences highlighted the importance of the survey, stating, “In our most recent survey in 2019, we found that the grey squirrel had almost disappeared from 10 midland counties, while red squirrels and pine martens were doing particularly well.” He emphasized the need for ongoing monitoring, noting, “The dynamics between the three species is finely balanced, and we need to continue to monitor the animals to make sure things don’t change again.”

Importance of Public Participation in Conservation

Katy Bell, Senior Conservation Officer at Ulster Wildlife, expressed enthusiasm for the partnership with the University of Galway, stating, “Ulster Wildlife has been monitoring these three species for over a decade in Northern Ireland and is delighted to partner once again to complete the picture of how these species are faring across Ireland. This data will be invaluable to conservation work for red squirrels and pine martens.”

Dr. Lawton further noted the significant public engagement during the last survey, which received an impressive 3,407 records from participants. “This fantastic wealth of information plays a crucial role in protecting our native biodiversity,” he said. The researchers are asking Citizen Scientists to once again share their sightings, upload photographs, and assist in understanding the habitats and conditions of these mammals.

As the survey unfolds, the collaboration between researchers and the public presents a vital opportunity to enhance knowledge of Ireland’s wildlife and support the conservation of its native species. Through collective efforts, the project aims to ensure the survival and flourishing of both the red squirrel and pine marten in their natural habitats.