European Digital Health: Progress in Electronic Records and Literacy

Access to electronic health records (EHR) is improving across Europe, yet significant disparities remain among countries. According to the European Commission’s report, the share of EU citizens able to access their EHR reached 83 percent in 2024, a notable increase from 79 percent in 2023. While some nations excel, others, such as Ireland, face considerable challenges in digital health literacy and record access.

The digital transformation of health systems has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which prompted many countries to enhance telehealth services. Remote consultations have become a norm, making it crucial for citizens to access their health records easily. EHRs not only facilitate faster and safer patient care but also enhance the quality and coordination of treatment. As highlighted by the European Commission, the EU aims for 100 percent access to electronic health records for all citizens by 2030.

Variability in Access Across Europe

The latest findings from the European Commission indicate a wide range of EHR access scores among 29 European nations, including the 27 EU members, Norway, and Iceland. Belgium and Estonia lead with a full 100 percent access score, while Ireland lags significantly at just 25 percent. The Netherlands follows closely behind with 65 percent access, highlighting a stark contrast within the region.

Countries such as Denmark (98%), Lithuania (95%), and Poland (92%) also report high EHR access rates, with all these nations surpassing 90 percent. Portugal, Spain, and several others—each at 88 percent—also exceed the EU average. In contrast, Slovakia, Greece, Romania, and Cyprus are closer to the lower end of the access spectrum, with scores below 75 percent.

Ireland’s position at the bottom of the ranking can be attributed to its lack of a comprehensive online portal for health data access, a situation that is expected to change. On February 5, 2026, the Irish Minister for Health announced government approval to procure a National Electronic Health Record, marking a significant step toward modernizing the healthcare system.

Challenges in Digital Health Literacy

While increasing access to digital health services is vital, the ability to effectively use these services remains a challenge. The OECD’s Health at a Glance 2025 report highlights the low levels of digital health literacy across many European countries. This includes the capacity to find reliable health information online and to understand how to utilize it effectively, particularly among older populations and those with lower educational backgrounds.

In 2024, digital health literacy among primary care users aged 45 and older was recorded at 18 percent for individuals with lower education levels, compared to 26 percent for those with higher education. The data reflects significant national variations, with Czechia exhibiting the highest literacy rate among highly educated individuals at 53 percent, followed by Wales (46%) and France (43%).

Conversely, countries such as Italy and Romania reported alarmingly low literacy rates, with only 9 percent for both higher and lower educated groups in Romania. Belgium also showed minimal proficiency, with rates of 11 percent and 10 percent respectively.

According to David Novillo Ortiz, head of data, AI, and digital health at the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe, “Building trust is essential to encourage the active use of digital health technologies.” The significant variation in teleconsultation rates across Europe further underscores the need for robust EHR systems that facilitate seamless data exchange.

As European nations strive to enhance their digital health infrastructures, addressing both access and literacy will be crucial in delivering safe, effective, and connected healthcare services to all citizens.