Nationwide Survey Launches to Track Ireland’s Squirrels and Pine Martens

The University of Galway is spearheading a significant nationwide survey aimed at assessing the populations of red squirrels and pine martens in Ireland. This initiative invites the public to participate as Citizen Scientists, contributing valuable data to track these iconic woodland mammals throughout 2026.

The survey, conducted in collaboration with Ulster Wildlife and the Vincent Wildlife Trust, seeks to map the current distribution of red and grey squirrels, along with pine martens across the island. Participants can record their sightings of these species using online survey forms available on the websites of the National Biodiversity Data Centre and CEDaR.

Citizen Scientists play a crucial role in this effort, as their observations will help researchers construct a comprehensive picture of how populations of these mammals are evolving. The survey builds on previous monitoring efforts, which have taken place four times since 1997, yielding essential insights into the long-term trends affecting these species.

Understanding the Challenges and Changes

The red squirrel, Ireland’s only native squirrel species, has faced significant challenges since the introduction of the grey squirrel in 1911. This invasive species has led to a dramatic decline in the red squirrel population due to disease and competition for food. For many years, the future of the red squirrel appeared dire.

Recent surveys, however, indicate a surprising recovery for the red squirrel. Researchers noted that in certain areas, grey squirrel numbers have sharply declined, while red squirrels are showing signs of resurgence. This positive shift may be linked to the comeback of the pine marten, a native predator that effectively preys on grey squirrels. As Dr. Colin Lawton of the University of Galway’s School of Natural Sciences explained, “The dynamics between the three species is finely balanced and we need to continue to monitor the animals to make sure things don’t change again.”

The 2019 survey revealed that grey squirrels had virtually vanished from ten midland counties, with red squirrels and pine martens thriving. Yet, despite these encouraging trends, Dr. Lawton cautions that grey squirrels continue to spread in southern and northwestern regions, particularly in urban areas where pine martens are scarce.

A Call to Action for Conservation

Katy Bell, Senior Conservation Officer at Ulster Wildlife, emphasized the importance of this survey in monitoring these three species across Ireland. “Ulster Wildlife has been monitoring these species for over a decade in Northern Ireland and is delighted to partner once again with the University of Galway to complete the picture on how these species are faring across Ireland,” she stated. The data collected will be invaluable for conservation efforts focused on both red squirrels and pine martens.

During the last survey, the initiative received an impressive 3,407 records from the public, highlighting the crucial role of community engagement in biodiversity protection. Dr. Lawton remarked, “This fantastic wealth of information plays a crucial role in protecting our native biodiversity.”

As the survey unfolds, the University of Galway encourages Citizen Scientists to actively share their sightings and photographs. By doing so, they contribute to a greater understanding of where these animals are living and how their populations are changing, ensuring that conservation efforts can be effectively directed for the future.